Sayid Abdullahkhan – The Khan of Khiva 1915 – 1920Jiva (en uzbeco Хива, Xiva; en ruso Хива, Jiva; en persa خیوه, Jiveh; en árabe خوارزم) es una ciudad de Uzbekistán situada al suroeste del país, en la provincia de Corasmia.
Fue la antigua capital de la región histórica de Corasmia, así como del Kanato de Jiva. Otros nombres que recibe o ha recibido son Jorasam, Joresm, Juarezm, Juarizm, Juarazm, Chiwa, Chorezm, etc.
Según la leyenda, Jiva fue fundada en el lugar en el que Sem (el hijo de Noé) cavó los pozos Keivah. Jiva fue, hasta principios del siglo XX, la capital de Corasmia (que fue un reino vasallo del Imperio persa). La región, particularmente árida, desarrolló un complejo sistema de irrigación a partir del II milenio a. C. y fue ocupada por diferentes conquistadores: persas, griegos, árabes, mongoles y uzbecos.
According to legend, Khiva was founded about 2 500 years ago when a son of Noah, Shem, discovered a well in the middle of the desert exclaimed “Khi-wa!” (which locals will take delight in roughly translating as “sweet water”). For the next 1 000 years or so, the area was inhabited by settlements that used the nearby Amu-Darya river to irrigate agriculture. According to the archaeologists Khiva was founded in the 5th or 6th century.Se presume que es la ciudad natal del matemático al-Juarismi (c. 780–850), y del gran sabio enciclopedista al-Biruni (973–1048).
El Kanato de Jiva (1512–1920 fue uno de los tres janatos uzbecos creados tras la división del kanato de Chagatai junto con los de Bujará (que englobaba Samarcanda) y el Kokand.
Itchan Kala
El barrio de Itchan Kala está en la parte interior de la ciudad de Jiva, atrincherado detrás de las murallas de piedra que alcanzan una altura de unos doce metros, forma parte del antiguo oasis que era la última etapa de las caravanas antes de que éstas se adentraran en el desierto en dirección a Irán. Aunque no se conservan muchos de sus antiguos monumentos, la ciudad constituye un ejemplo coherente y bien conservado de la arquitectura musulmana del Asia Central con unas construcciones sobresalientes como la mezquita Djouma, los mausoleos, las madrazas y los dos magníficos palacios edificados a principios del siglo XIX por el Khan Alla-kouli.
Desde 1990 el barrio de Itchan Kala forma parte del Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la Unesco.
Juma Mosque. The old mosque was already mentioned by the Arab traveller Mohammed al-Magisi in the 10th cent. According to the inscriptions above the entrance the actual mosque was built in the 18th cent. It covers an area of 55 x 46 m. The interior is square in plan. It has two octogonal openings in the ceiling. Apart from wooden beams and columns it has no decoration. It contains 212 ornately carved columns that support the roof, dating back to the 12th to 15th century.Khiva – The old town Ichon-Qala (Itchan Kala)a bedroom of that times.wooden roofs at Ichon-Qala (Itchan Kala) Khiva.
the well at Ichon-Qala (Itchan Kala) Khiva.The columns are masterpieces of wood carving. The whole surface is covered by leaves, flowers and tendrils. If you watch cloisels you can see pomegrenates blossoms and acanthus leaves. The columns are peculiar in form: they are spherical at their base, get a little bit narrower and end with a part similar to an oblong drinking glass. In some columns the base is a square marble or a round piece of wood only.passersbyAs Islam spread to the area, the first major structures were built near Shem’s well, and it became known as a small trading post on the Silk Road. First written sources date from the 10th century. The Arab traveller Al Istachri mentions Khiva in his enumeration of the most important settlements in Chorezm. The Arab geographer Ibn Battuta visited Khiva in the 14th century.Kalta Minor. This squat minaret is an iconic symbol of Khiva, mainly because of it’s exquisite blue and green tile work and the fact that it remains unfinished. It was originally supposed to rival the Kalon Minaret in Bukhara, however the architect fled before seeing it finished, fearing he would be put to death by the khan.
the bicyclehaving dinner!
Itchan Kala was the site of the khan’s palace. High officials and clergy and rich merchants used to live here. This is why we find the most important buildings in the Itchan Kala.the woman at Itchan Kala.craftsmen in Khiva
Uzbek Youth in KhivaIslam Khoja Minaret. The minaret is 45 m high and 10 m wide atb its base. It was built in 1908, however using the same methods as the much older minarets at Bukhara, Wabkent and Konye Urgench. You can see the minaret from every place in Khiva and even from far away in the desert. It is probable that the minaret served military purposes as well.
Necropolis in KhivaThe columns are masterpieces of wood carving.
Khivan rulers commanded from this fortress-residence from as early as the 12th century up to the 17th century when the khans expanded the structure to include a mosque, a harem, and a jail.Silky bags in colourful KhivaThe stuntman in KhivaThe musicians.Itchan Kala / KhivaThe stuntman in KhivaHandicrafts. The wood carvers of KhivaHandicrafts. The wood carvers of KhivaKhiva almost has a two-season climate; with slivers of spring and fall in between frigid winters and blazing hot summers. It starts to get uncomfortably cold in Khiva by November, with temperatures hovering between -10°C and 5°C. The chill usually lasts well into mid-March; just in time for the Navruz holiday. Spring usually lasts around a month and a half and is usually one of the best times to visit. Summer arrives quickly, however, with temperatures reaching as high as 45°C by August. Luckily, it’s a dry heat (rainfall and humidity are practically negligible) so walking around the city isn’t too much of a burden.City walls. The surrounding walls are 6 to 8 m high and 6 m thick at their base. A great part of the city walls has been destroyed, but a part 2,2 km long has been preserved. As in other cities in Central Asia the city walls were built of sun-dried bricks. The city walls were destroyed several times, but they were always rebuilt. According to the archaeologists the oldest parts of the city wall date from the 5th to 6th cent.AD0
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